This
photo is in several books, frequently with some of
the men obviously incorrectly identified - I mean,
I recognise Crow Dog and Two Strike, for example,
but I don't see Young Man Afraid, and having read
Jensen's book I'm well aware of the need photographers
felt (on occasion) to mis-identify their subject for
commercial purposes. —
Grahame Wood
The
only Sioux individuals I can identify precisely in
your photos of 1891 are Two Strikes, Crow Dog, Rocky
Bear and High Hawk.
I am not sure about the other names listed on the
photo (Two Lance, Thunder Hawk, Good Voice, Short
Bull, Kicking Bear), but there definitely is no Young-Man-Afraid
or American Horse pictured. —
Dietmar Schulte-Möhring
I've
always thought American Horse was the man crouching
next to the seated white man (different white man
in each photo), but I can't see the others you mentioned
and it is very easy to spot Kicking Bear and Short
Bull in that photo of the captive Ghost Dancers when
they are considerably futher away from the camera.
— Grahame Wood
The
photo in Jensen´s book, which is only slightly
different than the two pics you posted, shows this
inscription:
Indian
Chiefs and U.S. Officials:
1. Two Strike
2. Crow Dog
3. Short Bull
4. High Hawk
5. Two Lance
6. Kicking Bear
7. Good Voice
8. Thunder Hawk
9. Rocky Bear
10. Young Man Afraid of his Horses
11. American Horse
12. W.F. Cody, Buffalo Bill
13. Maj. J.M. Burke
14. J.C. Craiger
15. J. McDonald
16. J.G. Worth
Taken at Pine Ridge Jan. 16. ´91. Photo and
copyright by Grabill 1891, Deadwood S.D.
Rocky
Bear, Oglala, is standing in the back row, first indian
from left (with hat)
Two Strike, Brule, is standing fourth indian from
left
W.F. Cody is standing next to Two Strike
Crow Dog, Brule, is standing right to Cody
High Hawk, Brule, is standing next/right to Crow Dog
Maj. Burke is standing/sitting far right
Although
I have photos of Short Bull, Kicking Bear, Good Voice,
Young Man Afraid, American Horse as reference, I can´t
find them in the photos. Maybe Two Lance or Thunder
Hawk (both Brule?) are? —
Dietmar Schulte-Möhring
The
two photos above are from the Grabill collection,
but this time the inscription is more accurate. All
indian names seem to be correct: "Indian
chiefs who counciled with Gen. Miles and settled the
indian war. Photo and copyright by Grabill ´91"
The
last of the three photos shows, back row standing
from left to right: Standing Bull, Has The Big, Liver
Bear, Bull Dog, Lance. Front row sitting: Bear-Who-Looks-Back-Running,
White Tail, Little Thunder, High Hawk, Eagle Pipe.
I
think they are all Brule Sioux or at least from Rosebud/Spotted
Tail agency. The same individuals are in the second
photo, High Hawk is standing in the middle. I am wondering
if this could be the Bull Dog who lead the Brule Sioux
in Canada? —
Dietmar Schulte-Möhring
In
this case it is helpful to take a look at the John
A. Anderson photographs (in Henry W. Hamilton´s
"The Sioux of the Rosebud", University of
Oklahoma Press).
There you can find portraits and one group photograph
of Lance, Little Thunder, High Hawk, Eagle Pipe and
Bear-Who-Looks-Back-Running (or Bear Looks Behind).
I also have other photos of Liver Bear (or Living
Bear, wasn´t he the father of Plenty Horses,
who killed Lt. Casey?) and White Tail.
So these names should be right in the Grabill photo,
possibly the other names are also, but of these I
have no proof.
—
Dietmar Schulte-Möhring
Just
a few disjointed notes on individuals in the 1891Ghost
Dance period photos:
Bear Looks Behind (=Bear Looks Back Running?) was
Miniconjou, brother-in-law to Swift Bear, chief of
Brule Corn-Owners band, lived at Rosebud.
White Tail - Wazhazha band chief, first noted in documentary
record 1864.
Owns the Big White Horse - cousin to the Red Leaf
family, Wazhazha band.
Liver Bear, i.e. Living Bear - said to be cousin of
Two Strike, and father to Plenty Horses (killer of
Lt. Casey). He lived in the Two Strike camp southwest
of Rosebud Agency. He is visibly the same man as the
Living Bear photographed with Red Dog and other Oglalas
(Washington, 1870?), an NAA photo that I'm sure Ephriam
posted a while ago. He is listed in Col. Smith's report
on the 1870 Ogla delegation (Olson mistranscribed
the name as "Swing Bear").
Bull Dog should indeed be the Wazhazha leader who
was in Canada 1878-80. —
Kingsley Bray
Here's another picture of three leaders from that
time:
I
have been wondering about the High Hawk in your last
photo a lot. He is definetly not the same man as in
the Grabill photos. On the cover of Leonard Crow Dog´s
book ("Crow Dog - four generations of Sioux medicine
men") he is instead named Iron Shell, but I don´t
think he looks like the Iron Shell in the Gardner
photos of 1872. —
Dietmar Schulte-Möhring
